I have shot a lot of smaller stuff , rabbits, brown hare(think Jack Rabbit), crows at 150 to 180yrds no problem. I have shot at a couple of foxes(think half way between a grey fox and a female coyote) and know I have hit them in the chest area. They have crawled away before I could get a second or follow them up and I don't like that. I love the 17HMR, I have the CZ American and it almost puts every round through the same hole at a 100. There are occasions over here where I choose the 17HMR for a fox, when the location is surrounded by houses and public access areas and I need to be 99% sure the bullet is going to stay where I put it. The 1% I allow because experience has told me, there will always be 'sods law' as we call it here happening. My 22RF is almost redundant now, only use it for extreme covert business, with sub sonics and moderator.